Understanding
Learning Disabilities:
Embracing Unique Paths to Learning
What is a Learning Disability?
Learning disabilities refer to specific challenges in brain function that can impact skills like reading, writing, and math. Unlike occasional struggles, these challenges are lifelong for individuals with learning disabilities. However with the right, research-based and multisensory approaches, they can overcome these barriers and thrive.
It’s important to remember that those with learning disabilities have average to above-average intelligence, and with tailored support, they can excel using their unique strengths.
Common Learning Disabilities
DYSLEXIA
Dyslexia is a lifelong learning disability that primarily affects reading skills. Individuals with dyslexia may struggle with reading fluency, comprehension, spelling, and written expression. While it does not go away over time, effective methods, such as the Orton-Gillingham Approach, can help improve reading and writing abilities through structured, multisensory techniques.
💡 Your child might have Dyslexia if :
They read at a slower pace and often struggle with word recognition.
They mix up similar-looking letters or sounds, like "b" and "d."
They have difficulty spelling, frequently misspelling common words.
They find it hard to break words down into sounds.
They avoid reading aloud or become anxious when doing so.
They may excel in spoken language but struggle with writing.
DYSGRAPHIA
Dysgraphia, or written expression disorder, affects skills like handwriting, typing, and spelling, making it challenging to express thoughts effectively in writing. Those with dysgraphia may write more slowly, or have difficulty forming letters or spelling accurately. Schools can support these students by providing accommodations, such as the use of keyboard instead of handwriting, to help them succeed in their educational journey.
💡 Your child might have Dysgraphia if :
Their handwriting is consistently difficult to read.
They avoid tasks that involve writing or drawing.
They struggle with spacing between words and letters.
They have trouble forming letters and may mix uppercase and lowercase letters.
They often spell words incorrectly, even if they know how to spell them verbally.
ADHD
ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurological condition that affects focus and executive functioning skills. People with ADHD often struggle with concentration, task organization, and impulse control, impacting their academic, professional, and daily lives. It’s essential to recognize that ADHD isn’t due to laziness or lack of willpower; individuals with ADHD typically work hard to manage these challenges.
💡 Your child might have ADHD if :
They frequently lose focus on tasks and are easily distracted, especially in lengthy or detailed activities.
They struggle to follow instructions or organize tasks.
They often forget essential items, such as schoolwork or personal belongings.
They fidget or struggle to sit still in situations where it’s expected.
They seem to act impulsively without considering consequences.
TWICE EXCEPTIONAL LEARNERS
Twice Exceptional (2E) learners possess exceptional abilities in certain areas while facing significant learning challenges in others. These children may either use their strengths to mask their difficulties or have their talents overlooked due to the prominence of their learning challenges, making their educational experience unique and complex.
💡 Your child might be a 2E Leaner if :
They excel in one academic area but struggle significantly in others.
They show high curiosity or creativity but resist routine tasks.
They demonstrate advanced problem-solving skills yet have difficulty with basic skills, like reading or math.
They are easily frustrated with tasks they find challenging or slow.
They often seem inattentive or unmotivated in areas where they struggle.
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